Fluorescent Protein Resource Center

Properties of Common Fluorescent Proteins

Protein Name Excitation, nm Emission, nm Brightness relative to EGFP Oligomeric State Reference or Source FP information (pdf)

Blue Fluorescent Proteins

 
EBFP  380  440  0.27  monomer*  Yang et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1998, 273, 8212   
SuperGlo BFP  387  450  n/a  monomer*  www.qbiogene.com   

Cyan Fluorescent Proteins

 
Cerulean  433  475  0.19  monomer  Rizzo et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2004, 22, 445   
mECFP  439  476  0.39  monomer  www.clontech.com   
CyPet  435  477  0.53  monomer  Nguyen et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2005, 23, 355   
Midoriishi Cyan  472  495  0.73  dimer  www.mblintl.com   

Green Fluorescent Proteins

 
TurboGFP  482  502  1.10  monomer  www.evrogen.com   
Azami Green  492  505  1.21  monomer  www.mblintl.com   
mEGFP  484  507  1.00  monomer  www.clontech.com   
ZsGreen  493  505  1.17  tetramer  www.clontech.com   
Emerald  487  509  1.16  monomer*  Cubitt et al., Methods Cell. Biol., 1999, 58, 19   
T-Sapphire  399  511  0.78  monomer  Zapata-Hommer et al., BMC Biotechnol., 2003, 3, 5   

Yellow Fluorescent Proteins

 
mEYFP  514  527  1.51  monomer  www.clontech.com   
Topaz  514  527  1.69  monomer*  Cubitt et al., Methods Cell. Biol., 1999, 58, 19   
mVenus  515  528  1.56  monomer  Nagai et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2002, 20, 87   
mCitrine  516  529  1.74  monomer  Griesbeck et al., J. Biol. Chem., 2001, 276, 29188   
YPet  517  530  2.38  monomer  Nguyen et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2005, 23, 355   
TurboYFP  525  538  1.65  dimer  www.evrogen.com   

Orange Fluorescent Proteins

 
Kusabira Orange  548  559  0.92  monomer  www.mblintl.com   
mOrange  548  562  1.46  monomer  Shaner et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2004, 22, 1524   
cOFP  552  564  n/a  tetramer  www.stratagene.com   

Red Fluorescent Proteins

 
TurboRFP  553  574  1.24  dimer  www.evrogen.com   
dTomato  554  581  1.42  dimer  Shaner et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2004, 22, 1524   
DsRed  558  583  1.76  tetramer  www.clontech.com   
DsRed-Express (T1)  555  584  0.58  tetramer  www.clontech.com   
DsRed-Monomer  556  586  0.10  monomer  www.clontech.com   
mStrawberry  574  596  0.78  monomer**  Shaner et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2004, 22, 1524    
mCherry  587  610  0.47  monomer**  Shaner et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2004, 22, 1524   

Red Fluorescent Proteins

 
mRaspberry  598  625  0.37  monomer  Wang et al., PNAS, 2004, 101, 16745   
HcRed  592  645  0.05  tetramer  Gurskaya et al., FEBS Lett., 2001, 507, 16   
mPlum  590  649  0.12  monomer  Wang et al., PNAS, 2004, 101, 16745   
AQ143  595  655  0.11  tetramer  Shkrob et al., Biochem. J., 2005, 392, 649   


* This protein still tends to form very weak dimers that should not affect its use for routine tagging. However for some specific applications a single-point mutation may be required to produce a strictly monomeric variant.
** Protein is considered monomeric, but has a tendency to aggregate. Use with caution with oligomeric proteins or some integral membrane proteins. Compare fluorescence pattern with your protein fused to mEGFP.

Click here to log in